Hemodynamic assessment of congenital heart malformations with left to right shunt

Cardiac catheterization with direct measurements of pressure and saturation in cardiac chambers great vessels calculation systemic pulmonary blood fl ow, resistance, vascular reactivity are the gold standard for assessing hemodynamics congenital heart malformations a left to right shunt both children adults. They basis determining indications surgical or interventional treatment. Assessment ow according Fick’s principle resistance Ohm‘s law theoretical hemodynamic calculations. The steps patient left-to-right presented consequently: ratio, (PVR) case hypertension (PHy), assessment their clinical signifi cance as well. Special attention is paid closure elderly patients atrial septal defect (ASD) ventricular dysfunction. limitations sources errors calculations presented.